Geography gets filed under memorization, which is a shame, because it is really the science of why anything is where it is. This shelf covers both halves: the physical world of continents, oceans, rivers and landforms, and the human world of regions, populations and borders drawn for reasons worth knowing.
The reference lists earn their keep at homework time: countries by continent, capitals, state abbreviations, national symbols and the world's assorted largests and longests. The concept guides go deeper, explaining the ideas geographers actually use, like formal, functional and vernacular regions, sequent occupance, and environmental determinism versus possibilism, each with examples that make the definition stick.
Start with the featured guides above or go straight to the list for a specific country, ocean zone or concept. Maps not included, but after a few of these articles you will read the ones you have differently.