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Periodic Table Trends

Learning periodic table trends will help you understand the changes of elemental properties in a specific manner, while moving in a particular direction. Read this article to get an insight about the trends in the periodic table of elements.

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Periodic Table Trends

Learning periodic table trends will help you understand the changes of elemental properties in a specific manner, while moving in a particular direction. Read this article to get an insight about the trends in the periodic table of elements.

The first periodic table was created by Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian professor in 1869. Taking his name, it was named the Mendeleev periodic table, in which the chemical elements are positioned in order of their increasing mass number. In the history of periodic table, lots of changes were being made with the discovery of elements and theoretical assumptions. Finally, the modern, labeled periodic table of elements with names is developed for reference of chemical elements at a glance.

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The modern periodic table has a lot to say about the chemical elements, besides the atomic number, atomic weight, and symbol of the identified elements. For example, chemical elements falling in the same group share common properties, which are different from other groups. Also, go through the periodic table trends and you will come to know a regular pattern in the alteration of physical and chemical properties of elements, as you go from left to right, from top to down direction, and vice versa.

Periodic Table

s-block Transition Elements
d- block
p-block Nobel
Element
Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 1
H
1.0079
2
He
4.0026
2 3
Li
6.941
4
Be
9.0122
5
B
10.811
6
C
12.011
7
N
14.007
8
O
15.999
9
F
18.998
10
Ne
20.180
3 11
Na
22.990
12
Mg
24.305
13
Al
26.982
14
Si
28.086
15
P
30.974
16
S
32.066
17
Cl
35.453
18
Ar
39.948
4 19
K
39.098
20
Ca
40.078
21
Sc
44.956
22
Ti
47.867
23
V
50.942
24
Cr
51.996
25
Mn
54.938
26
Fe
55.845
27
Co
58.933
28
Ni
58.693
29
Cu
63.546
30
Zn
65.409
31
Ga
69.723
32
Ge
72.64
33
As
74.922
34
Se
78.96
35
Br
79.904
36
Kr
83.798
5 37
Rb
85.468
38
Sr
87.62
39
Y
88.906
40
Zr
91.224
41
Nb
92.906
42
Mo
95.94
43
Tc
(98)
44
Ru
101.07
45
Rh
102.91
46
Pd
106.42
47
Ag
107.87
48
Cd
112.41
49
In
114.82
50
Sn
118.71
51
Sb
121.76
52
Te
127.60
53
I
126.90
54
Xe
131.29
6 55
Cs
132.91
56
Ba
137.33
57 – 71
La-Lu
72
Hf
178.49
73
Ta
180.95
74
W
183.84
75
Re
186.21
76
Os
190.23
77
Ir
192.22
78
Pt
195.08
79
Au
196.97
80
Hg
200.59
81
Tl
204.38
82
Pb
207.2
83
Bi
208.98
84
Po
(209)
85
At
(210)
86
Rn
(222)
7 87
Fr
(223)
88
Ra
(226)
89 -103
Ac-Lr
104
Rf
(261)
105
Db
(262)
106
Sg
(266)
107
Bh
(264)
108
Hs
(277)
109
Mt
(268)
110
Ds
(281)
111
Rg
(272)
112
Cn
(277)
Lanthanide 57
La
138.91
58
Ce
140.12
59
Pr
140.91
60
Nd
144.24
61
Pm
(145)
62
Sm
150.36
63
Eu
151.96
64
Gd
157.25
65
Tb
158.93
66
Dy
162.50
67
Ho
164.93
68
Er
167.26
69
Tm
168.93
70
Yb
173.04
71
Lu
174.97
Actinide 89
Ac
(227)
90
Th
232.04
91
Pa
231.04
92
U
238.03
93
Np
(237)
94
Pu
(244)
95
Am
(243)
96
Cm
(247)
97
Bk
(247)
98
Cf
(251)
99
Es
(252)
100
Fm
(257)
101
Md
(258)
102
No
(259)
103
Lr
(262)

Key for the Periodic Table

Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Lanthinides
Actinides
Transition Metals
Poor Metals
Other Metals
Nobel Gases
Metalloids
Unknown Chemical Properties

Trends in the Periodic Table of Elements

In chemistry, understanding the basic periodic table facts is like learning the A, B, C… of the English language. In fact, this tabular representation of elements is the base for chemistry subject. Refer to the arrangement of elements in the periodic table; the horizontal row of element is called period and the same in vertical column is called group. Detailed information regarding trends in the modern periodic table is highlighted below.

Atomic Radius Trend

Consider two atoms of the same element that touch each other by their outer edges. Measure distance between the centers of the two adjacent atoms and half of the value is called atomic radius of the element. The atomic radii of elements gradually increases as you move across (from right to left) in a period, and down (from top to bottom) in a group.

Ionic Radius Trend

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Similar to the atomic radius, the radii of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) of chemical elements can be measured. When a comparison is made between the two ionic forms of a same element, it is found that the positive charged ion has a smaller radius than the radius of the negatively charged ion.

Ionization Energy Trend

The ionization energy of an element is defined as the total energy required to remove an electron from an atom (when it is in the neutral state). After detaching the electron, the same atom turns into positive ion. Coming to periodic table trends regarding this, the first ionization energy goes higher from left to right direction, while it drops from top to bottom direction.

Electron Affinity Trend

In contrary to ionization energy, the electron affinity is defined as the change in the energy state, when an extra electron is introduced into an atom (when it is in the neutral state). After adding electron, the same atom becomes a negative ion. The electron affinity of elements increases from left to right in a period, and from bottom to top in a group.

Electronegativity Trend

When one or more electrons are shared between two atoms, each atom has a tendency to attract the electrons towards it. The measure of this value is called electronegativity. The electronegativity of elements increases as you move from left to right direction in the periodic table, and the same decreases while moving from the top to bottom direction.

Metallic Property Trend

As per chemistry discipline, each of the chemical elements possesses metallic property, which is measured in terms of low to high scale. When this attribute is linked to trends in the periodic table, the metallic property of elements drops with increasing atomic number in a period, while it increases with increasing atomic number in a group.

Lattice Energy Trend

Lattice energy is the amount of energy released, when two oppositely charged ions of the same element in gaseous state fuses to form a solid. The lattice energy increases from top to bottom direction in a group. Also, this energy level is found to be elevated with respect to increase in the charge of the combining ions.

It is to be borne in mind that the above-mentioned trends in the periodic table do have exceptions for some elements or ionic forms. Also, as per the objective of your study, you can refer to several modified versions of the typical periodic table. You can either concentrate on the periodic table with atomic mass or periodic table with charges for precise information.

Related Posts

  • History of the Periodic Table

    The periodic table helps us to classify and compare various elements on the basis of their chemical behavior. Read on to know how the periodic table evolved over a period…

  • Metalloids in the Periodic Table

    Metalloids are elements from the periodic table with properties that lie between metals and non-metals. The following ScienceStruck article will cover some information related to metalloids.

  • Periodic Table Facts

    Referred to as the 'Bible of Chemistry', the periodic table is a condensed form of information about everything in chemistry. Related facts that are interesting to read form the subject…

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